Punch and Roll Record

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This enables you to to correct errors easily during the course of a recording session.
You can stop, back up over a mistake, and continue recording, resulting in one track that eliminates the errors and is properly timed, without the use of cutting, pasting, and clip-moving commands, or mixing of multiple tracks.
You can do rough editing as you go, with minimal interruption of your performance (saving you the trouble and extra work of having to come back later and make the edits).
It is recommended to use headphones when using Punch and Roll recording.

Be aware that this is not punch-in patch repair - the Punch and Roll repair recording carries on rolling (as the command name implies) until you specifically stop it.

Adjusting settings before you record

Latency correction:

It is a pre-requesite that you tune the Latency correction setting for your audio interface so that play-back and recording are synchronized.

Failure to do this may result in unwanted bursts of audio at the splice point, especially if you are not using headphones.

Pre-roll and Crossfade

You may wish to adjust the pre-roll duration and crossfade duration in Recording Preferences to suit your personal preferences:

Pre-roll is the amount of existing audio, in seconds, that will be played before the repair recording starts. The default is five seconds.
Crossfade is the length of crossfade, in milliseconds, that Audacity will apply at the splice point to smooth the transition. The default is ten milliseconds.

Overdub

The Hear other tracks during recording (overdub) preference determines whether other tracks are played during pre-roll playback and after the splice point while re-recording.

Record as usual, until you make a mistake

Begin recording as usual with the Transport toolbar Record button , the menu command Transport > Recording > Record, or the keyboard shortcut R key.

If you make a mistake, stop recording with the Transport toolbar Stop button or its shortcut Space.

The Enable pinned play head can be repositioned in the Timeline by clicking on it and dragging in the Timeline. You may find that that a pinned position right of center will be more useful during Punch and Roll recording.

Choose a splicing point

Select a position in the recording before the error by picking in the recording track. You must select a time within the recorded clip.

You may simply estimate the duration of the error, or guess by sight from the waveform (such as to find a pause between spoken words). Or you may find the Scrub Ruler or Timeline Quick-Play useful to find the right place by ear.

You may wish to use a selection and play it, extending or shrinking it to find an appropriate splicing point. If you select a time range, only the left edge is used as the splicing point - and please be aware that using Punch and Roll will then discard the selection as well as all audio following it.

The Pinned Play head may be preferable if you make small corrections frequently. Then you can choose your splicing points with less mouse movement.

Using Punch and Roll Record

The command Transport > Recording > Punch and Roll Record can be used to start Punch and Roll recording, but it is more easily done with the keyboard shortcut Shift + D. You can, if you wish, reassign this shortcut to another key or key combination of your choosing using Keyboard Preferences.

The Punch and Roll edit will:

Delete the portion of the selected track after the splicing point. And note that this will include the selection if you have one
Play the pre-roll audio (length as defined by your Pre-roll setting in Recording Preferences, default is five seconds).
When the play head reaches the splice point (now the end of the track) Audacity switches to record mode to enable you to make your correction and continue recording.
The repair recording will roll until you stop it with the Stop button or its shortcut Space

Repeat your performance in unison with the pre-roll playback, and continue as the play head moves beyond the end of the track. This is easier than trying to start just as soon as the recording starts.

If your microphone is close to the speaker, if for example you are not using headphones, your microphone will pick up sound from the speaker during your recording. This is fine if everything is set up correctly, as the speaker is silent during the recording phase of Punch and Roll. However, there will be a problem if your microphone can pick up sound from the speaker and your latency correction] setting is incorrect. When that situation happens, record can record part of the pre-roll being played back, and in any case even if not picking up that unwanted sound, the positioning of your 'punched in' recording will be slightly out. So you do need to have set your latency correction] setting carefully to get good results from Punch and Roll.

Still not satisfied?

If you are not satisfied with your re-take, simply stop recording and use or Edit > Undo or its shortcut Ctrl + Z (⌘ + Z on Mac). The track and selection will be restored as they were just before the Punch and Roll Record command began.

Or if you are happy with the existing splicing point and just want to make a further re-take then just use Shift + D to restart Punch and Roll.

Final results

To avoid leaving an audible click at the splice point, Audacity applies a crossfade (whose length in milliseconds is specified in Recording Preferences). This means the original bad take is not completely deleted, but a tiny portion of it is blended with the new take, so that the waveform has no discontinuities.

A clip boundary is left behind at each splice point, so that you can easily find them again and listen to review your repairs.
- You can merge clips by clicking on the boundary.
- Or you can select the entire track and use Edit > Clip Boundaries > Join to remove all clip boundaries at once.

The Undo history will contain one recording item for each error that you corrected, plus one more for the original Record command.